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en:navody [2019/01/27 08:51] – fluktuaciaen:navody [2019/01/31 14:11] – [Tower arrangement] fluktuacia
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-FIXME **This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation.**\\ //(remove this paragraph once the translation is finished)// 
- 
 ====== General hints concerning modules ====== ====== General hints concerning modules ======
  
-This pages sums up the possibilities and means of MLAB modules use. The individual paragraphs contain various different applications and special cases.+This page sums up the possibilities and means of MLAB modules' use. The individual paragraphs contain various different applications and special cases.
  
-Beginners can make us of [[en:guide|a guide for beginners]]   +Beginners can make us of [[en:guide|a guide for beginners]].   
  
 ===== Obtaining a module ===== ===== Obtaining a module =====
  
-In order to begin a construction, first you have to obtain all the necessary modules - either by [[en:how_to_make_pcb|building your own prototypes]] or by [[http://www.ust.cz/shop/|buying a ready-made modules]]. In case you do not find the necessary module, you can build it according to [[en:rules|rules guaranteeing compatibility]].+In order to begin a construction, first you have to obtain all the necessary modules - either by [[en:how_to_make_pcb|building your own prototypes]] or by [[http://www.ust.cz/shop/|buying a ready-made modules]]. In case you do not find the necessary module, you can build it according to [[en:rules|rules guaranteeing the compatibility]].
  
 ===== Tools ===== ===== Tools =====
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 ==== Mechanical tools ==== ==== Mechanical tools ====
  
-Work with MLAB modules requires only basic mechanical tools: a hexagonal socket wrench bola 5.5 mm with knurled edge for tightening using a hand, a hex key (in case of older models a cross screwdriver) and a lot of M3 nuts. +Work with MLAB modules requires only basic mechanical tools: a hexagonal socket wrench 5.5 mm with knurled edge for tightening using a hand, a hex key (in case of older models a cross screwdriver) and a lot of M3 nuts. 
  
 {{:cs:mechanical_tools.jpg?direct&200|}} {{:cs:mechanical_tools.jpg?direct&200|}}
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 === Multimeter === === Multimeter ===
  
-Multimeter of almost any type is sufficient, we recommend a digital one.+Multimeter of almost any type is sufficient, however we recommend a digital one.
  
 {{:multimetr.jpg?direct&200|An example of an adequate multimeter}} {{:multimetr.jpg?direct&200|An example of an adequate multimeter}}
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 === Oscilloscope === === Oscilloscope ===
  
-An oscilloscope is very useful tool when tuning any signal system. We use a following Rigol DS1052E, which, in its basic version, is 50MHz, but a firmware change can update it to 100MHz.  +An oscilloscope is a very useful tool when tuning any signal system. We use a following Rigol DS1052E, which, in its basic version, is 50MHz, but a firmware change can update it to 100MHz.  
    
 {{:rigol_ds1052e.jpg?direct&200|An example of an oscilloscope}} {{:rigol_ds1052e.jpg?direct&200|An example of an oscilloscope}}
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 When buying a transformer soldering iron, make sure you are buying the one with a horizontal soldering tip, as shown on the picture. Transformer soldering irons with vertical tips are more suitable for sheet soldering or welding / cutting of plastics.  When buying a transformer soldering iron, make sure you are buying the one with a horizontal soldering tip, as shown on the picture. Transformer soldering irons with vertical tips are more suitable for sheet soldering or welding / cutting of plastics. 
  
-**All types of soldering irons require a tube tin and a flux, otherwise they will not work properly.** For more information see chapter flux at [[http://www.mlab.cz/Articles/HowTo/How_to_make_PCB/DOC/HTML/How_to_make_PCB.cs.html]]+**All types of soldering irons require a tube tin and a flux, otherwise they will not work properly.** For more information see chapter about flux -[[http://www.mlab.cz/Articles/HowTo/How_to_make_PCB/DOC/HTML/How_to_make_PCB.cs.html]]
  
 === An aid for smoke extraction === === An aid for smoke extraction ===
  
-During any soldering, the evaporated flux creates a very unpleasant smoke that irritates the respiratory tract. One of the solutions is to build a simple aid from an older PC ventilator. Connect it to an adjustable power supply and set it on a table in a way that it would blow the some away from the soldering workplace. In order to reduce a noice, the ventilator can be put onto a piece of rubber, for example from an old inner tube of a bike.+During any soldering, the evaporated flux creates a very unpleasant smoke that irritates the respiratory tract. One of the solutions is to build a simple aid from an older PC ventilator. Connect it to an adjustable power supply and set it on a table in a way that it would blow the smoke away from the soldering workplace. In order to reduce a noise, the ventilator can be put onto a piece of rubber, for example from an old inner tube of a bike.
  
 ==== Using the tools ==== ==== Using the tools ====
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 === Connecting the oscilloscope probe === === Connecting the oscilloscope probe ===
  
-An oscilloscope’s probe ground can be easily connected to a MLAB kit thanks to the base [[en:base1621|ALBASE]]. Most of the modules (with an exception of power supply ones) have the corner screws connected to GND. That is why it is sufficient to put a screw from below to the base and screw it with a nut from above. You can use the protruding screw as a ground clamp for the oscilloscope’s probe.+An oscilloscope’s probe ground can be easily connected to an MLAB kit thanks to the base [[en:base1621|ALBASE]]. Most of the modules (with an exception of power supply ones) have the corner screws connected to GND. That is why it is sufficient to put a screw from below to the base and screw it with a nut from above. You can use the protruding screw as a ground clamp for the oscilloscope’s probe.
  
 The signal probe input can be connected to MLAB in a following way: the connecting cable is cut to half, part of the cable is stripped of an insulation and a crimp pin connector is crimped onto the cable. Now the cable, via the crimp pin connector, can be easily attached to the probe’s hook and its second end with the original PC terminal, can be connected to the pinch outlets of all modules. The signal probe input can be connected to MLAB in a following way: the connecting cable is cut to half, part of the cable is stripped of an insulation and a crimp pin connector is crimped onto the cable. Now the cable, via the crimp pin connector, can be easily attached to the probe’s hook and its second end with the original PC terminal, can be connected to the pinch outlets of all modules.
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 ==== Power supply ==== ==== Power supply ====
  
-Powering by [[en:napajeci_zdroje|power supplies]] is distributed, among the modules, via cables different from the usual interconnecting ones. Furthermore, they are coloured according to the different power voltages, thus reducing the possibility of a fatal mistake during their connecting. +Power provided by [[en:napajeci_zdroje|power supplies]] is distributed, among the modules, via cables different from the usual interconnecting ones. Furthermore, they are coloured according to the different power voltages, thus reducing the possibility of a fatal mistake during their connecting. 
  
 === Power supply up to +5V === === Power supply up to +5V ===
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 == 3.3V == == 3.3V ==
  
-Power voltage for 3.3 V is lead by the same cable as the +5V power supply, only the red wire is replaced by an orange one.+Power voltage of 3.3 V is lead by the same cable as the +5V power supply, only the red wire is replaced by an orange one.
  
 === Voltage higher than +5V === === Voltage higher than +5V ===
  
-This category usually involves 7.2 (2x Li-ion cell) or +12V (lead-acid battery or other power supplies). For safety reasons it is therefore led via a yellow (+) and black (-) cable, following the example of ATX power supplies. Connectors are four-pin, the middle two pins being + and the outer two -/GND. The connector is symmetrical, so the polarity cannot be easily mixed up.+This category usually involves 7.2 (2x Li-ion cell) or +12V (lead-acid battery or other power supplies). For safety reasons it is therefore led via a yellow (+) and black (-) cable, following an example of ATX power supplies. Connectors are four-pin, the middle two pins being + and the outer two -/GND. The connector is symmetrical, so the polarity cannot be easily mixed up.
  
 {{:cs:powering_cable_yellow-black.jpg?350|Power cable for higher voltages}} {{:cs:powering_cable_yellow-black.jpg?350|Power cable for higher voltages}}
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 === Symmetrical power supply === === Symmetrical power supply ===
  
-This kind of power supply, conventionally +12V and -12V, is used in analogue constructions, which are using operational amplifiers. It is distributed by power cables with 5 pins - the middle + two pins are positioned symmetrically around the central - pin and the two extreme pin on both sides are GND or framing. (kostra ??) +This kind of power supply, conventionally +12V and -12V, is used in analogue constructions, which are using operational amplifiers. It is distributed by power cables with 5 pins - the middle + two pins are positioned symmetrically around the central - pin and the two extreme pins on both sides are GND or framing. (kostra ??) 
  
 {{:cs:powering_cable_symmetric.jpg?350|A cable for symmetrical power supply}} {{:cs:powering_cable_symmetric.jpg?350|A cable for symmetrical power supply}}
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 === Very high voltage power supply === === Very high voltage power supply ===
  
-It includes power voltage in range of hundreds volts to ones of kV. Such powering is used for certain special detectors or gas discharge lamps, LASERs, etc. It is distributed via a coaxial cable with SHV or MHV connectors.+It includes power voltage in range of hundreds of volts to ones of kV. Such powering is used for certain special detectors or gas discharge lamps, LASERs, etc. It is distributed via a coaxial cable with SHV or MHV connectors.
  
 ==== High-frequency signals ==== ==== High-frequency signals ====
 === Asymmetrical signals === === Asymmetrical signals ===
  
-Analogue VF signals are distributed in MLAB via a classic VF Pigtail usually made form coax RG-174 with both ends having a screw-type SMA (Male) connector.+Analogue VF signals are distributed in MLAB via a classic VF Pigtail usually made from coax RG-174 with both ends having a screw-type SMA (Male) connector.
  
 {{:cs:sma_cable.jpg?320|SMA cable}} {{:cs:sma_cable.jpg?320|SMA cable}}
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 ==== Digital buses ==== ==== Digital buses ====
  
-Digital buses, such as I2C, TWI or 1-wire are distributed between the modules via standard cables, usually only adjusted so that one plastic ending contains all the bus’s wires, eventually together with a power supply.+Digital buses, such as I2C, TWI or 1-wire are distributed between the modules via standard cables, usually only adjusted so that one plastic ending contains all the bus’s wires, possibly together with a power supply.
  
 ===== Maintenance and cleaning ===== ===== Maintenance and cleaning =====
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 ==== Interconnecting cables ==== ==== Interconnecting cables ====
  
-Due to a gradual wear by a mechanical switching, the interconnecting cables’ connectors loose their conductivity. It last several hundreds of connections and re-connections until the phenomenon occurs, but it might be speeded up by careless transport of already connected constructions, during which the connectors undergo a side strain. (For example when carrying more connected boards thrown one other another in a box). You can revel this states simply by checking, that the cable sleeve (?? Dutinka kablíku) does not hold onto the pin (?? Hřebínek). +Due to a gradual wear by a mechanical switching, the interconnecting cables’ connectors loose their conductivity. It lasts several hundreds of connections and re-connections until the phenomenon occurs, but it might be speeded up by a careless transport of already connected constructions, during which the connectors undergo a side strain. (For example when carrying more connected boards thrown one other another in a box). You can revel this states simply by checking, that the cable sleeve (?? Dutinka kablíku) does not hold onto the pin (?? Hřebínek). 
-The above-mentioned state can be repaired by  +The above-mentioned state can be repaired by napružení kontaktu konektoru (??) using a screwdriver or other similar tool. The procedure is done from outside at the connector's lock, applying a pressure on the spring against a table.
- +
-U propojovacích kablíků se v důsledku jejich postupného opotřebení mechanickým přepojováním snižuje vodivost jejich konektorů. Trvá řádově několik stovek zapojení, než se tento jev projeví, ale může být urychlen například neopatrnou přepravou zapojených konstrukcí, kdy jsou konektory v desce stranově namáháhy. (například hozených více zapojených desek na sebe v krabici) Tento stav se pozná jednoduše i mechanicky tak, že dutinka kablíku téměř nedrží nasunutá na hřebínku. +
- +
-Tento stav lze napravit opětovným napružením kontaktu konektoru šroubovákem, nebo jiným podobným nástrojem. To se provádí zvenku u zámku konektoru. tlakem na pružinku proti stolu. +
 ==== Modules ==== ==== Modules ====
  
-Most of the modules does not require any additional maintenance. Sometimes it happens, that a dust piles up intensively onto modules. It might be solved either by blowing it away with an air blower ball (compressed air) or by brushing it off with an anti-static brush.  +Most of the modules do not require any additional maintenance. Sometimes it happens, that a dust piles up intensively onto modules. It might be solved either by blowing it away with an air blower ball (compressed air) or by brushing it off with an anti-static brush.  
  
 <WRAP info> It is not possible to use electrostatic duster for a dust removal as it might cause a destruction of certain electronic circuits in modules </WRAP> <WRAP info> It is not possible to use electrostatic duster for a dust removal as it might cause a destruction of certain electronic circuits in modules </WRAP>
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 === Screw terminal === === Screw terminal ===
  
-There are two widespread type of commonly used screw terminal on the market. Apart from a considerable difference in their costs, they also differ greatly in a quality and convenience of their use. +There are two widespread types of commonly used screw terminals on the market. Apart from a considerable difference in their costs, they also differ greatly in a quality and convenience of their use. 
  
 The first type is more common mostly due to its low price. However, thanks to using a sheet metal washer under screws, it is not possible to fasten a naked wire of small diameter well into this type of screw terminal. Furthermore, the sheet metal washers often fall out or block the pulling out of the wire.   The first type is more common mostly due to its low price. However, thanks to using a sheet metal washer under screws, it is not possible to fasten a naked wire of small diameter well into this type of screw terminal. Furthermore, the sheet metal washers often fall out or block the pulling out of the wire.  
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 === Spring terminal block === === Spring terminal block ===
  
-Spring terminal block are an excellent modern substitute for screw terminals, which are slowly becoming technically obsolete. Their disadvantage, in comparison to screw terminals, is a slightly large size and an impossibility of connection compression regulation.+Spring terminal block are an excellent modern substitute for screw terminals, which are slowly becoming technically obsolete. Their disadvantage, in comparison to screw terminals, is a slightly larger size and an impossibility of regulation the compressing of connection.
  
 One of the commonly used spring terminal block is WAGO256. One of the commonly used spring terminal block is WAGO256.
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 ==== High-frequency signals ==== ==== High-frequency signals ====
  
-High-frequency signals are led to external devices in the same way as they are between modules - via coaxial cable with SMA connectors or they are connected via a short pigtail to some other panel [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_connector|RF connector]]. Preferred are following connectors’ types (in a given order): F, BNC, N and PL.+High-frequency signals are led to external devices in the same way as they are between modules - via coaxial cables with SMA connectors or they are connected via a short pigtail to some other panel [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_connector|RF connector]]. Preferred are the following connectors’ types (in a given order): F, BNC, N and PL. 
 In order to connect distant devices, such as receiving antenna, F-connector is a good choice, mainly thanks to its easy assembly and disassembly, allowing for an easy placement of coaxial cabels.  In order to connect distant devices, such as receiving antenna, F-connector is a good choice, mainly thanks to its easy assembly and disassembly, allowing for an easy placement of coaxial cabels. 
  
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 === USB === === USB ===
  
-The most widely used external bus used with modules is a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus|USB]] with USB-B connector. A reason for using USB B is that it is the most robust USB connector, it has outlets through the board and thus it does not brake away from PCB (like other variants of USBmicro connectors). +The most widely found external bus used with modules is a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus|USB]] with USB-B connector. A reason for using USB B is that it is the most robust USB connector, it has outlets through the board and thus it does not brake away from PCB (like other variants of USBmicro connectors). 
  
 {{:cs:usb-b.jpg?200|USB connector on MLAB modules}}  {{:cs:usb-b.jpg?200|USB connector on MLAB modules}} 
  
-Using an USB connector on a module requires placing a current fuse into the charing from USB (usually 750mA PTC). Otherwise a short circuit can cause a fall of HOST system and thus a data loss (of a tuned program).  +Using a USB connector on a module requires placing a current fuse into the charing from USB (usually 750mA PTC). Otherwise a short circuit can cause a fall of HOST system and thus a data loss (of a tuned program).  
  
 === RS-232 === === RS-232 ===
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 === RS-485 === === RS-485 ===
  
- +In industry, this bus is used with terminal blocks. Therefore it is practical to use e.g. [[en:inputuni|INPUTUNI01A]] module. 
-V průmyslu se se na tuto sběrnici používají svorkovnice. Vhodné tak je použít například modul [[cs:inputuni|INPUTUNI01A]].+
  
 === CAN === === CAN ===
  
-Pro rozvod sběrnice CAN na delší vzdálenosti, například v domě, je vhodné použít UTP kabel a konektory RJ-45.   +To distribute CAN bus over longer distances, for example in house, we recommend using UTP cable and RJ-45 connectors.
-===== Testovací konstrukce =====+
  
-==== Standardní uspořádání ====+===== Test constructions =====
  
-Testovací konstrukce se skládají na některou ze [[cs:base1621|základních desek]].+==== Standard arrangement ====
  
-{{:mlab_plc_board.jpeg?200|MLAB jako PLC (optimalizováno na vyšší napětí)}} +Test constructions consist of one of the [[en:base1621|base boards]].
  
 +{{:mlab_plc_board.jpeg?200|MLAB as PLC (optimised for higher voltage)}} 
  
-==== Měřící uspořádání ==== 
  
-Tento způsob montáže kdy se na uchycení rohových šroubů modulů využijí úhelníky například ze stavebnice Merkur má výhodu v tom, že lze pak bez problémů přistupovat k obou stranám desky a měřit i na plošném spoji. Proto se hodí zejména k oživování nových modulů. +==== Measuring arrangement ==== 
 + 
 +The following way of assembly, when we use úhelníky (??), for example form Merkur building kit, in order to attach the corner screws, has an advantage in that you can access both sides of the board without any problems and carry out measurements also on a PCB. It is thus suitable for reviving new modules.
  
 {{:mlab_testing_mount1.jpg?direct&200|}} {{:mlab_testing_mount2.jpg?direct&200 |}} {{:mlab_testing_mount1.jpg?direct&200|}} {{:mlab_testing_mount2.jpg?direct&200 |}}
  
-==== Přímé skládání ==== +==== Direct mounting ==== 
-Moduly lze také šroubovat přímo k sobě což je výhodné zejména pro nenáročné konstrukce z několika modulů podobné velikosti. + 
 +Modules can also be screw directly to each other, a feature advantageous mainly for undemanding constructions made of several modules of similar size.
  
 {{:direct_mounting.jpg?direct&200|}} {{:direct_mounting.jpg?direct&200|}}
-==== Věžové uspořádání ==== 
  
-Kovové MLAB desky lze pomocí závitových tyčí skládat i na sebe, což šetří místo na pracovním stole a umožňuje tvorbu komplikovanějších a rozsáhlejších systémů.. +==== Tower arrangement ====
  
-{{:mlab_tower.jpg?direct&200|Věžové uspořádání desek MLAB}}+Metal MLAB mounts can be stack on onto another using threaded rods. Such arrangement saves space and enables a construction of more complicated and large-scale systems.
  
 +{{:mlab_tower.jpg?direct&200|Tower arrangement of MLAB boards}}
  
-Použité závitové tyče jsou M5 a každá deska je na tyči uchycena maticí ze shora i zespoda. Mezi deskou a maticemi jsou podložky. U jedné matice se vkládá ještě pružinová podložka.  Řezná délka sloupků pro případ dvou desek nad sebou je 12 cm. Tato délka je zvolena z důvodu, že z 1 m dlouhé závitové tyče lze vyrobit 8 sloupků a 4cm zbydou na prořez a tolerance. +The threaded rods used in the example are of M5 type and each board is fastened by a nut from above and below. There are washers between the board and the nuts. There is a spring washer used with one of the nuts. Cutting length (?? Řezná délka) in case of two boards above each other is 12 cm. This length was chosen because 1m threaded rod can be divided into 8 columns and there are 4cm left for cutout  (?? Prořez) and tolerance. 
  
-===== Permanentní zařízení =====+===== Permanent installations =====
  
-Permanentní, nebo semi-permanentní zařízení můžeme ze stavebnice snadno udělat tak, že odladěnou konstrukci i s nosnou deskou. Přišroubujeme na dno elektroinstalační krabice. A pro zvýšení odolnosti proti vibracím můžeme přívody k hřebínkům modulů přilepit tavným lepidlem a kablíky vyvázat k základní desce stahovacími pásky. Taková konstrukce je poměrně levná a přitom robustní i variabilní v případě potřeby změny. +We can easily construct permanent or semi-permanent installations from the kit by screwing the tuned constructions with the base board to the bottom of the junction box. In order to increase the resistance against vibrations we can glue the přívody k hřebíkům (??) with a hot-melt adhesive and tie the cables to the base with a cable tie. Such construction is relatively cheap and, at the same time, robust and adjustable if necessary.   
  
-==== Samostatná konstrukce ====+==== Stand-alone construction ====
  
-Modulovou konstrukci můžeme snadno umístit do kovové krabice [[cs:unibox|UNIBOX]]. +We can easily fit the module construction in the [[en:unibox|UNIBOX]] metal box.
  
 {{:cs:designs:unibox01a_big.jpg?300|}} {{:cs:designs:measuring:gmcount_parts.jpg?300|}} {{:cs:designs:unibox01a_big.jpg?300|}} {{:cs:designs:measuring:gmcount_parts.jpg?300|}}
    
-==== Instalace do rozvaděče  ====+==== Installation into the distribution board  ====
  
-Moduly je též možné podobným způsobem instalovat do nízkonapěťových částí elektrických rozvaděčů. V dobrém elektru lze sehnat plastové svorky použitelné k uchycení na DIN lištu.+In a similar manner, modules can be installed in the low-voltage parts of distribution boards. You can use plastic clips (??) (available at good electro shops) to attach them onto a DIN panel.
  
-{{:wall_box_din_mount.jpg?200|MLAB v domovním rozvaděči}}+{{:wall_box_din_mount.jpg?200|MLAB in home distribution board}}
  
-==== Instalace do elektroinstalační krabice ====+==== Installation into the electrical box ====
  
-Elektroinstalační krabici lze využít podobným způsobem, jako rozvaděč ovšem s výhodou, že v krabici obvykle není problém s uchycením [[cs:base1621|základní desky]].+Electrical box can be used in a similar way as a distribution board with one exception - there is usually not any problem with attaching the [[en:base1621|base board]].
  
-{{:mlab_electrical_box.jpg?direct&200|LABduino v krabici}}+{{:mlab_electrical_box.jpg?direct&200|LABduino in a box}}
  
-===== Vzorové konstrukce =====+===== Sample construction =====
  
-     * [[http://www.mlab.cz/Designs/STOPWATCH02A/DOC/STOPWATCH02A.cs.pdf|Časomíra]] - měří časy pohybu mezi několika optickými závorami. +     * [[http://www.mlab.cz/Designs/STOPWATCH02A/DOC/STOPWATCH02A.cs.pdf|Timekeper]] - measures the time of movement between several photoelectric sensors (?? optická závora)  
-     * [[http://www.mlab.cz/Designs/GPSnavigator/DOC/GPSnavigator.cs.pdf|Jednoduchá GPS navigace]] +     * [[http://www.mlab.cz/Designs/GPSnavigator/DOC/GPSnavigator.cs.pdf|Simple GPS navigation]] 
-     * [[cs:labduino|LABduino]] +     * [[en:labduino|LABduino]] 
-     * [[cs:thermometer|Teploměr]]+     * [[en:thermometer|Thermometer]]
en/navody.txt · Last modified: 2023/01/15 12:59 by 94.112.192.193